Ensuring the Integrity of Court Submissions When Using Large Language Models

In light of the significant concerns surrounding the potential fabrication of legal authorities through large language models (LLMs)1, this Notice addresses the matter of legal references in submissions to the Court. The joint commitment of all participants in the justice system to reinforcing the integrity and credibility of legal proceedings is critical.

Caution: The Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador urges practitioners and litigants to exercise caution when referencing legal authorities or analysis derived from LLMs in their submissions.

Reliance: For all references to case law, statutes or commentary in representations to the Court, it is essential that parties rely exclusively on authoritative sources such as official court websites, commonly referenced commercial publishers, or well-established public services such as CanLII.

“Human in the loop”: In the interest of maintaining the highest standards of accuracy and authenticity, any AI-generated submissions must be verified with meaningful human control. Verification can be achieved through cross-referencing with reliable legal databases, ensuring that the citations and their content hold up to scrutiny. This accords with the longstanding practice of legal professionals.

The Supreme Court recognizes that emerging technologies often bring both opportunities and challenges, and the legal community must adapt accordingly. Therefore, we encourage ongoing discussions and collaborations to navigate these complexities effectively.

RAYMOND P. WHALEN
Chief Justice

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